While there was certainly no lack of material available, practically all the studies reviewed were limited by one or more significant drawbacks that limited the reliability of their conclusions regarding CIN. The review has a higher focus on more recent literature and updates, in order to determine if an accurate estimate can be made on the incidence of CIN. We have attempted to review relevant studies regarding CIN and highlight the key points of its surmised understanding. The past two decades have seen a surge in reports questioning the existing of CIN altogether and if more harm is actually being caused to patients out of fear of this potential complication. However, the topic of CIN remains one of controversy with a widely variable and often questionable incidence derived from various studies. This term has since been extensively explored, with a variety of studies conducted to investigate its incidence and various mechanisms examined to explain its pathophysiology. Abstract: More than sixty years have elapsed since contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) was first described in the medical literature.
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